a country in north central Asia between Russia and China. Population 3,226,516 (2014). Capital: Ulaanbaatar (formerly Ulan Bator). Mongolia is a large country but has a small population because it includes a large area of desert and open plains. The country is sometimes informally called ‘Outer Mongolia’, and it is next to a part of China called ‘Inner Mongolia’.——朗文当代大辞典

Any of the principal languages of Mongolia, spec. Khalkha, a member of the Altaic family. Also: the group of Altaic languages of which this language is a member, along with Kalmyk and Buriat.——牛津当代大辞典  @en